GENESIS Expedition

R/V ROGER REVELLE



Leg 1
transit from San Diego to Talara
27 December 1996 - 8 January 1997


Leg 2
Peter Lonsdale                                 (619) 534-2855
University of California, San Diego	       email:  plonsdale@ucsd.edu
Marine Physical Laboratory
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
San Diego, CA 92093-0205

Talara - Punta Arenas
11 January - 19 February 1997

Leg 3
Alan Mix                                       (541) 737-5212
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences    email:  mix@oce.orst.edu
Oregon State University
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503

James McManus                                  (541) 737-3281
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences    email:  jmcmanus@oce.orst.edu
Oregon State University
Corvallis OR  97331-5503

Punta Arenas - Callao
23 February - 6 April 1997 

Leg  4
Robert Weller                                  (508) 548-1400 x 2508 
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution           email:  rweller@whoi.edu
Woods Hole, MA 02543

Callao - San Diego
09 April - 04 May 1997



SCRIPPS INSTITUTION OF OCEANOGRAPHY
CONTACTS


Robert A. Knox                                 (619) 534-4729
Assoc. Director, Shipboard Operations and       email:  rknox@ucsd.edu
Marine Technical Support


Captain Tom Althouse                           (619) 534-1643
Marine Superintendent, Nimitz Marine Facility	email:  capt@mpl.ucsd.edu


Christian de Moustier                          (619) 534-1784
Scientific Advisor to Shipboard                 email:  cpm@mpl.ucsd.edu
Technical Support Services
SEA BEAM information contact


Woody Sutherland                               (619) 534-4425
Manager, Shipboard Technical                    email:  woodys@odf.ucsd.edu
Support Services


Stu Smith                                      (619) 534-1898
Head, Geological Data Center                    email:  ssmith@ucsd.edu


Ron Moe                                        (619) 534-6054
Head, Shipboard Computer Group                  email:  rmoe@ucsd.edu


Bob Wilson                                     (619) 534-1632
Head, Resident Marine Technician Group          email:  restech@sdsioa.ucsd.edu


Rose Dufour                                    (619) 534-2841
Elizabeth Rios                                  email:  shipsked@ucsd.edu
Ship Schedulers	



Preface



On December 27, 1996 R/V Roger Revelle begins her first foreign expedition.  
The expedition name Genesis has an obvious meaning of "beginning," and the added 
virtue of the same spelling in English and Spanish, the language of the foreign 
ports to be visited.  Following a transit leg to Puntarenas, Costa Rica, SIO 
and NAVSEA representatives will board the ship for a further transit to Talara, 
Peru.  Time en route will be devoted to identification and resolution of warranty 
issues.  The three scientific legs of the expedition after the Talara port call 
will carry out research as described in the following pages.

This Genesis will be a demanding one, with work in high southern latitudes and 
with a wide range of shipboard science activities, from long piston coring to 
heavy mooring deployments.  Fortunately, R/V Roger Revelle is an eminently 
capable vessel, well-suited to these tasks and with every prospect of completing 
them safely and efficiently.  From this beginning we look forward to many years 
of superior service to US oceanography by this newest member of the active 
UNOLS fleet.




Leg 1
Transit from San Diego to Talara
27 December 1996 - 8 January 1997


(Intermediate port stop in Puntarenas on January 4 to take on NAVSEA personnel.)

On this leg, while underway for Talara, Peru, a number of shipbuilder warranty 
issues will be reviewed by SIO personnel and NAVSEA representatives of the AGOR 
program.  Some warranty items have been addressed since delivery of the ship 
in June, 1996, and the effectiveness of these repairs and modifications will 
be reviewed and documented.  Some warranty issues remain to be identified 
and documented.  Some have been identified but await an agreed-upon plan and 
timeline for resolution or repair.  These matters will be dealt with by the 
SIO and NAVSEA parties aboard.



Leg 2
Peter Lonsdale
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Talara - Punta Arenas
11 January  -  19 February 1997

The purpose of this leg is to complete a survey of the conjugate pair of oceanic 
rifts that initiated the northern part of the Pacific-Antarctic East Pacific Rise, 
and of the Pacific-Farallon-Antarctic triple junction trace that marks the 
subsequent growth of that rise. Henry Trough, the western member of the conjugate 
rift pair, was surveyed by Melville in 1994; the eastern Hudson Trough and the 
major structures that intersect it (Humboldt Trough and the Menard, Vacquier, 
Raitt and Tula fracture zones) will be principal targets of this survey.  

Equipment to be used includes the SEA BEAM 2112 sonar, magnetometer and gravimeter 
(throughout the leg) plus 3.5 kHz and seismic (2X 80" water gun) profilers for 
10-15 days. Sediment thickness in the survey area generally increases southward 
toward Antarctica. How much profiling gets done, and how far south the survey 
extends, will depend on how effective the profiling systems are in the prevailing 
sea states.  

Foreign clearance will be required only for the SEA BEAM/magnetics/gravity 
transits across the coastal waters of Chile. The attached track chart assumes 
entry into the Straits of Magellan via Cockburn Channel, rather than by the less 
direct western end of the Straits.  

The scientific party will number 10-12, including 3 techs and 4-5 Scripps 
students, plus possible Chilean participants. 







Leg 3
Alan C. Mix
James McManus
Oregon State University
Punta Arenas - Callao
 23 February -  6 April 1997

This document provides a preliminary outline of field operations for an NSF-funded 
program to provide site survey information prior to ODP drilling in depth 
transects and a latitudinal transect in the SE Pacific Ocean.  

The primary field operations will be: 
	1) high-resolution bathymetric mapping using SEA BEAM-2112, 
	2) digital single-channel seismic, 
	3) High resolution digital 3.5 kHz profiling with as much penetration of 
	the sediment as possible
	4) Sediment coring (using piston- and multi-coring systems supplied 
	by Oregon State University)

Most of the sites are located on bathymetric highs outboard of the Peru-Chile 
trench, to avoid as much as possible terrigenous turbidites and tectonic 
complexities on the margin, but are close to the continents to maximize 
sedimentation rates in the zone of high productivity and hemipelagic sediment 
influx.  A few of the sites are on the Chilean continental margin, under 
coastal upwelling centers. The transects are designed to obtain hemipelagic 
and pelagic sediments that monitor past changes in watermasses associated 
with deep inflow and mid-depth outflow from the Pacific, latitudinal variations 
in the Humboldt and Cape Horn Currents, and upwelling on the Chilean margin. 

The cruise plan and tentative station areas is outlined in Table 1.  Note 
that each named station in Table 1 is the approximate center point of a Survey 
Area.  This plan notes fifteen such Survey Areas.  Site names follow current 
Ocean Drilling Program conventions, with a 3-letter location code (NAZ = Nazca Rise, 
CBA = Chile Basin, CRI = Chile Rise) a sequential number within each area, and a 
letter (B here indicates our second iteration on each site, revising the 
locations noted in earlier documents submitted to the Ocean Drilling Program, 
C indicates the third iteration, and so on). Each Survey area will contains 
two stations for coring.

For purpose of obtaining clearance for operations in Chilean and/or Peruvian 
waters, we expect operations to occur within 1 degree latitude and longitude 
of sites noted in table 1, including transit tracks between sites.  


TABLE 1:  Cruise outline, with 15 target areas. Precise coring locations will 
be modified at sea based on detailed geophysical survey.   Following this 
survey, we will core primary and secondary locations within each station area 
with piston core and multicore (i.e., two PC and two MC at each named station. 
Note that target areas close together, such as (CRI-1B & 2B), (CBA-2B & -2C), 
and (NAZ-2B, -3B, & -4B) will be surveyed together, followed by coring.  The 
operational plan for each target area will be to begin the survey with swath 
map, 3.5 kHz profiler, and digital water-gun seismic profiling.  Initial survey 
track lines are about 10-20 nm in length, to be crossed later by at  least two 
crossing lines (or more in areas of complex bathymetry or poorly known areas).  
Crossing lines will run about 6 to 10 miles in length, and will be spaced about 
3 miles apart.  We expect that a typical geophysical survey, forming a partial 
grid within about 30 nm of each proposed site, will take about 18 hours 
(including deployment and recovery of seismic gear).  

Following geophysical survey, we will core primary and secondary sites within 
each Survey Area, using piston core and multicore gear supplied by the OSU 
coring group. Coring time estimates include time for setup and deployment of  
the piston core, switching the 9/16' coring wire from the starboard side 
(piston coring) to the stern (multicoring), deploying the multicore, moving 
the ship to a secondary location in the survey area, and repeating the PC 
and MC coring operation.  Estimated station times vary from area to area, 
because the calculation includes variable lowering times to the sea floor 
as a function of water depth (50m/min for PC, and 60m/min for MC are assumed).  
We may also want to do some smaller-wire operations such as water sampling 
and/or plankton towing during this station time (obviously not while coring 
wire is over the side).  

Note that final coring sites will be determined at sea based on the detailed 
geophysical survey.  This means that the shipboard party will have to maintain 
some flexibility as there will be schedule changes at sea.  This is typical 
of coring operations.  We will plan to keep the SEA BEAM-2112 system and 3.5 
kHz profiler operating on the transit lines between all survey areas.  In 
table 1, transits that note speeds of  11 knots have no single-channel seismic 
operations, while transits that note speeds of 7 knots include single-channel 
seismic operations. 

Special equipment needs for seismic and coring operations are:

1) Compressor, water guns, and hydrophone streamers appropriate for high-resolution 
digital seismic profiling.

2) Excellent working 3.5kHz system -- we require good sub-bottom penetration and 
digital recording of the 3.5 kHz data.

3) Open Rail Space - suitable for rigging piston cores with  80 feet of pipe 
plus weightstand.  OSU will supply the coring gear, including hinged bucket 
system for safely deploying piston core head. 

4) Fantail Access - suitable for launching the multicore system over the stern, 
without interfering with deck-mounted gear (booms, etc.) for seismic operations.

5) 9/16' wire, traction unit, and winch in good condition.  Note that the OSU 
Piston Coring System is large, and heavy, with a weight on lowering of about 
5000 lb. Pullouts of the piston core from the sea floor can exceed 20,000 lbs 
at the shipboard tensiometer, and thus a wire in good condition that has not 
been stressed beyond its elastic limit by dredging operations is essential.

6) A functioning, reasonably accurate, tensiometer with both digital and 
analog readout. 

7) Space and appropriate power for OSU refrigerated van.

8) Deck handling gear (articulated crane, etc.) appropriate for deploying 
coring and seismic gear. 

In the ship's laboratory space at sea, we expect to:

1) Analyze unsplit sediment cores with a GRAPE (Gamma Ray Attenuation Porosity 
Evaluator) and magnetic susceptibility logging system.  This system includes 
a sealed, shielded, solid-source of gamma radiation.  It has been used at sea 
before, and does not create any risk of spilled radioactive materials.  It may, 
however, require special clearance, a certified operator, and a laboratory set 
up with a small area of restricted entry.  This has not been a problem on 
previous cruises.  

2) Split cores at sea, and analyze for reflectance spectroscopy using the 
OSU Split Core Analysis Track.  This system present no hazards, but requires 
significant space, and access to reasonably clean electrical power.

3) Describe cores visually for normal sedimentological contents.

4) Archive the sediment cores in a refrigerated van (supplied by OSU group).

5) Start preliminary seismic processing, and produce SEA BEAM maps and seismic 
plots appropriate to the survey.

As an extension to this cruise, an additional proposal (McManus et al, 1995), 
will perform some analysis of pore waters from the sediment cores, and this 
will require additional laboratory and refrigerator space for pore-water squeezing. 








Leg 4
Robert Weller
NOAA
Callao - San Diego
09 April - 04 May 1997


As part of the Pan American Climate Study (PACS), funded by the NOAA Office 
of Climate and Global Change, field studies of the links between the eastern 
tropical Pacific ocean and climate over the Americas will begin in 1997.  
This cruise will initiate one element of that PACS field work by deploying 
moorings along 125 deg W.  Dr. Robert Weller of Woods Hole Oceanographic 
Institution (WHOI) will be Chief Scientist, and two WHOI surface moorings, 
a joint effort between Weller and Dr. Steve Anderson of WHOI, will be deployed 
as well as one from Dr. Robert Weisberg of South Florida University.  The 
moorings will carry complete meteorological instrumentation and oceanographic 
instruments to measure upper ocean velocity, temperature, and salinity.  One 
mooring will be deployed south of the equator along 125 deg W to collect data 
in the 'tongue' of cold water found there.  The second mooring will be deployed 
at the equator, and the third mooring north of the equator in the Intertropical 
Convergence Zone (ITCZ).  This will allow the air-sea interaction and upper 
ocean processes that control the sea surface temperature of the eastern tropical 
Pacific to be studied in three distinct regimes.  The cruise will depart from 
Callao, Peru, pick up the 125 deg W longitude line, stem north along the line 
to deploy the moorings, and then return to San Diego.